|
CHRONOLOGY
6 Dec 1492 Part of Spanish colony (Hispaniola).
1625 French settlement on Tortuga Island
1629 - 1631 Spanish re-occupation.
1631 - 1635 English colony on Tortuga (also called
Association Island).
1633 French settlement on Tortuga.
1634 The Compagnie des Isles d'Amerique takes posession
of French Colony on the island.
1638 - 1639 Spanish occupation.
1641 French take full possession of Tortuga island
(Île de la Tortu) off the northwest coast.
Jan 1654 - 1655 Spanish occupation.
1655 - 1659 English occupation.
1660 Île de la Tortu et côte Saint-Domingue.
1653 - 1664 Tortuga a possession of Knights of Malta.
20 Sep 1697 Spain recognizes French possession of
Saint-Domingue on eastern part of
island the of Hispañiola by Treaty of Ryswick.
20 Sep 1793 - Oct 1798 British occupation.
22 Jul 1795 - 13 Dec 1808 Santo Domingo ( face=Courier New color=#0000ff Dominican Republic) annexed to
Saint-Domingue.
25 Oct 1797 - 1 Jan 1801 Organized as French départements of Nord and
Ouest but not fully effected.
1 Jan 1804 Independence from France (Haiti).
28 Dec 1806 - 8 Oct 1820 Split between competing "North" and "South"
regimes.
9 Feb 1822 - 27 Feb 1844 Santo Domingo re-incorporated into Haiti.
17 Apr 1825 France formally recognizes Haitian independence.
26 Aug 1849 Empire of Haiti
23 Dec 1858 Republic of Haiti
29 Jan 1914 - 19 Oct 1914 U.S. occupation.
28 Jul 1915 - 15 Aug 1934 U.S. occupation.
28 Jul 1915 - 1936 U.S. protectorate.
16 Sep 1994 - Mar 1995 U.S. occupation.
Mar 1995 - 30 Nov 1997 UN force deployed. |
|
color=#800080 Haiti |
|
color=#800080 Saint-Domingue |
color=#800080 British Occupation
(1793-1798) |
color=#800080 Haiti North
(1806-1820) |
color=#800080 Department of
color=#800080 the South |
color=#800080 Republic of
color=#800080 the North |
color=#800080 Southern State
color=#800080 of Haiti |
color=#800080 Northern
color=#800080 Republic |
|
color=#800080 Artibonite |
Saint-Domingue
Governors of Tortuga
1631 - 1635 Anthony Hilton
1635 Nicholas Riskinner (d. 1635)
1633 - Jul 1652 François Levassuer (d. 1652)
1652 - Jan 1654 Timolén Hotman de Fontenay,
chevalier de Fontenay
Governors of Saint-Domingue
1656 - 1662 Jérémie Deschamps du Moussac et
du Rausset
1662 - Jun 1665 Frédérick Deschamps de la Place
(acting)
Jun 1665 - 1668 Bertrand d'Ogeron de la Bouëre
(1st time)
1668 - Jun 1669 Jacques Nepveu de Pouançay, (d. 1683)
sieur de Pouançay (1st time)
(acting)
Jun 1669 - Feb 1673 Bertrand d'Ogeron de la Bouëre
(2nd time)
Apr 1673 Jerôme du Sarrat de la Perrière
(acting)
Apr 1673 - Sep 1675 Bertrand d'Ogeron de la Bouëre
(3rd time)
Sep 1675 - 1676 Pierre-Paul Tarin de Cussy (d. 1691)
(1st time)(acting)
1676 - 1683 Jacques Nepveu de Pouançay, (s.a.)
sieur de Pouançay (2nd time)
1683 - Apr 1684 François Depardieu de Franquesnay
(acting)
Apr 1684 - Jan 1691 Pierre-Paul Tarin de Cussy (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
Jan 1691 - Oct 1691 Dumas (acting)
1 Oct 1691 - May 1697 Jean-Baptiste Ducasse (1st time) (b. 1646 - d. 1715)
Mar 1697 - May 1697 Jacques Yvon, sieur Deslandes
(acting)
May 1697 - Jun 1697 comte de Boissyraimé (acting)
Jun 1697 - Jul 1700 Jean-Baptiste Ducasse (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jul 1700 - 16 Dec 1703 Joseph d'Honon de Gallifet (d. 1706)
(acting)
16 Dec 1703 - 13 Feb 1705 Charles Auger (b. c.1640 - d. 1705)
13 Oct 1705 - 28 Dec 1707 Jean-Pierre de Charitte (1st time) (d. 1723)
(acting)
28 Dec 1707 - 1710 François-Joseph,
comte de Choiseul-Beauprés (d. 1711)
1710 - 7 Feb 1711 Jean-Pierre de Charitte (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Feb 1711 - 24 May 1711 Laurent de Valernod (d. 1711)
24 May 1711 - 29 Aug 1712 Nicolas de Gabaret (d. 1712)
29 Aug 1712 - 1713 Paul-François de La Grange,
comte d'Arquian (d. 1745)
1713 - 1714 Louis de Courbon, comte de Blénac
Governors-general
1714 - 11 Jan 1717 Louis de Courbon, comte de Blénac
11 Jan 1717 - 10 Jul 1719 Charles Joubert de la Bastide,
marquis de Châteaumorand
10 Jul 1719 - 6 Dec 1723 Léon, marquis de Sorel (d. 1743)
6 Dec 1723 - 8 Oct 1731 Gaspard-Charles de Goussé,
chevalier de La Rochalar
8 Oct 1731 - 4 Feb 1732 Antoine-Gabriel, marquis de Vienne
de Busserolles (d. 1732)
4 Feb 1732 - 8 Oct 1732 Étienne Cochard de Chastenoy
(1st time) (acting)
8 Oct 1732 - Jul 1737 Pierre, marquis de Fayet (d. 1737)
Jul 1737 - 11 Nov 1737 Étienne Cochard de Chastenoy
(2nd time) (acting)
11 Nov 1737 - 19 Nov 1746 Charles de Brunier,
marquis de Larnage (d. 1746)
19 Nov 1746 - 12 Aug 1748 Étienne Cochard de Chastenoy
(3rd time) (acting)
12 Aug 1748 - 29 Mar 1751 Hubert de Brienne-Conflans, (b. 1690 - d. 1777)
comte de Conflans
29 Mar 1751 - 31 May 1753 Emmanuel-Auguste de Cahideux du
Bois de Lamothe (b. 1683 - d. 1764)
31 May 1753 - 24 Mar 1757 Joseph-Hyacinthe de Rigaud,
marquis de Vaudreuil
24 Mar 1757 - 30 Jul 1762 Philippe-François Bart (b. 1706 - d. 1784)
30 Jul 1762 - 7 Mar 1763 Gabriel de Bory de Saint-Vincent (b. 1720 - d. 1801)
7 Mar 1763 - 4 Aug 1763 Armand, vicomte de Belzunce (d. 1763)
4 Aug 1763 - 23 Apr 1764 Pierre-André de Gohin, comte (b. 1722 - d. af.1781)
de Montreuil (acting)
23 Apr 1764 - 1 Jul 1766 Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Henri, (b. 1729 - d. 1794)
comte d'Estaing
1 Jul 1766 - 10 Feb 1769 Louis-Armand-Constantin de Rohan, (b. 1730 - d. 1794)
prince de Montbazon
10 Feb 1769 - 15 Jan 1772 Pierre-Gédéon, comte de Nolivos (b. 1715 - d. 17..)
15 Jan 1772 - 30 Apr 1772 De la Ferronays (acting)
30 Apr 1772 - 15 Apr 1775 Louis-Florent, marquis de Valière (b. 1719 - d. 1775)
12 May 1775 - 16 Aug 1775 Jean-François, comte de Reynaud
de Villeverd (1st time) (acting)
16 Aug 1775 - 13 Dec 1776 Victor-Thérèse Charpentier,
comte d'Ennery (b. 1731 - d. 1776)
28 Dec 1776 - 22 May 1777 Jean-Baptiste de Taste de
Lilancour (1st time) (acting)
22 May 1777 - 7 Mar 1780 Robert, comte d'Argout (d. 1780)
7 Mar 1780 - 25 Apr 1780 Jean-Baptiste de Taste de
Lilancour (2nd time) (acting)
25 Apr 1780 - 28 Jul 1781 Jean-François, comte de Reynaud
de Villeverd (2nd time)
28 Jul 1781 - 14 Feb 1782 Jean-Baptiste de Taste de
Lilancour (3rd time) (acting)
14 Feb 1782 - 3 Jul 1785 Guillaume-Léonard de Bellecombe, (b. 1728 - d. 1792)
seigneur de Teirac
3 Jul 1785 - 27 Apr 1786 Gui-Pierre de Coustard (acting)
27 Apr 1786 - Nov 1787 César-Henri, comte de La Luzerne (b. 1737 - d. 1799)
Nov 1787 - 22 Dec 1788 Alexandre de Vincent de Mazade
(1st time) (acting)
22 Dec 1788 - 1789 Marie-Charles, marquis du Chilleau (b. 1734 - d. 1794)
1789 Alexandre de Vincent de Mazade
(2nd time) (acting)
19 Aug 1789 - Nov 1790 Louis-Antoine Thomassin, (d. 1790)
comte de Peynier
9 Nov 1790 - 1792 Philibert-François Rouxel de (b. 1735 - d. 1793)
Blanchelande
29 Nov 1791 - 1 Apr 1792 Frédéric de Mirbeck -Commissioner
29 Nov 1791 - 18 Sep 1792 Philippe Roume de Saint-
Laurent -Commissioner (1st time)
1792 Adrien-Nicolas, marquis de la (b. 1735 - d. 1816)
Salle, comte d'Offémont
Jun 1792 - 21 Oct 1792 Jean-Jacques d'Esparbès de Lussan (b. 1720 - d. 1810)
21 Oct 1792 - 2 Jan 1793 Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur, (b. 1755 - d. 1813)
comte de Rochambeau (1st time)
2 Jan 1793 - 19 Jun 1793 Léger-Félicité Sonthonax (b. 1763 - d. 1813)
(1st time) -Commissioner
19 Jun 1793 - Oct 1793 François Galbaud du Four
Oct 1793 - 11 May 1796 Étienne-Maynaud-Bitfranc Laveaux
11 May 1796 - 24 Aug 1797 Léger-Félicité Sonthonax (s.a.)
(2nd time) -Commissioner
1 Apr 1797 - 5 May 1802 Pierre-François-Dominique (b. 1743? - d. 1803)
Toussaint-Louverture
27 Mar 1798 - 23 Oct 1798 Gabriel-Marie-Théodore-Joseph (b. 1755 - d. 1825)
Hédouville -Commissioner
Oct 1798 - Nov 1800 Philippe Roume de Saint-
Laurent -Commissioner (2nd time)
14 Jan 1801 - 180. Lequoy-Mongiraud (Prefect)
5 Feb 1802 - 2 Nov 1802 Charles-Victor-Emmanuel Leclerc (b. 1772 - d. 1802)
2 Nov 1802 - 30 Nov 1803 Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur,
comte de Rochambeau (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Nov 1803 - 31 Dec 1803 Jean-Jacques Dessalines (b. 1758 - d. 1806)
British Occupied Saint-Domingue
![[Union flag of 1606]](../gb-1606.gif)
Military Governors
20 Sep 1793 - Oct 1794 John Whitelock (b. 1757 - d. 1833)
Oct 1794 - May 1795 Adam Williamson (b. 1736 - d. 1798)
Governors
May 1795 - Oct 1796 Adam Williamson (s.a.)
Oct 1796 - Jan 1797 John Graves Simcoe (b. 1752 - d. 1806)
Jan 1797 - Mar 1797 Nesbit (d. 1797)
Mar 1797 - Oct 1798 Thomas Maitland (b. 1759 - d. 1824)
Note: Haiti was split de facto between a "North" and a "South" government from 28 Dec 1806 to 26 Oct 1820. This is shown below as an overlap of two polities, the first called Haiti (North), from independence (1804) to the death of King Henri I (1820); the second, Haiti, from 1806 to the present (South to 1820). There were also several short-lived secessions of parts of the country; these are listed at the face=Courier New color=#800080end of this data set.
Haiti (North)
![[Civil flag of Haiti]](../ht.gif)
- 1 Jan 1804 - 20 May 1805 (de facto)
|
![[Flag of 1805]](../ht-1805.gif)
- 20 May 1805 - 28 Mar 1811
|
![[Flag of 1811]](../ht-1811.gif)
- 28 Mar 1811 - 8 Oct 1820
|
1 Jan 1804 Independence (Haiti)
22 Sep 1804 Empire of Haiti
17 Oct 1806 Haiti
17 Feb 1807 State of Haiti
28 Mar 1811 Kingdom of Haiti
8 Oct 1820 Extinction of the state (incorporated into Haiti [s.b.]).
Governor-general
1 Jan 1804 - 22 Sep 1804 Jean-Jacques Dessalines (b. 1758 - d. 1806)
Emperor¹
22 Sep 1804 - 17 Oct 1806 Jacques I (s.a.)
Provisional Chief of the Haitian Government
17 Oct 1806 - 17 Feb 1807 Henry Christophe (b. 1767 - d. 1820)
President
17 Feb 1807 - 28 Mar 1811 Henry Christophe (s.a.)
King¹
28 Mar 1811 - 8 Oct 1820 Henri I (s.a.)
Haiti
28 Dec 1806 Republic of Haiti
26 Aug 1849 Empire of Haiti
15 Jan 1859 Republic of Haiti
Presidents
28 Dec 1806 - 27 Jan 1807 Henri Christophe (b. 1767 - d. 1820)
(did not take office)
27 Jan 1807 - 10 Mar 1807 Bruno Blanchet (acting) (b. 1760 - d. 1822)
10 Mar 1807 - 9 Mar 1811 Anne-Alexandre Sabès, dit Pétion (b. 1770 - d. 1818)
(1st time)
9 Mar 1811 - 10 Mar 1811 Jean-Chrisostôme Imbert (1st time) (b. 1779 - d. 1855)
(acting)
10 Mar 1811 - 9 Mar 1815 Anne-Alexandre Sabès, dit Pétion (s.a.)
(2nd time)
9 Mar 1815 - 10 Mar 1815 Jean-Chrisostôme Imbert (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
10 Mar 1815 - 29 Mar 1818 Anne-Alexandre Sabès, dit Pétion (s.a.)
(3rd time)
29 Mar 1818 - 30 Mar 1818 Jean-Chrisostôme Imbert (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
30 Mar 1818 - 13 Mar 1843 Jean-Pierre Boyer-Bazelais (b. 1776 - d. 1850)
13 Mar 1843 - 4 Apr 1843 Charles Hérard aîné, dit Rivière (b. 1787 - d. 1850)
(1st time) (Chief Executive)
4 Apr 1843 - 5 Apr 1843 Provisional Government
- José María Imbert
- Voltaire (d. 1843)
- Philippe Guerrier (b. 1773? - d. 1845)
- N. Segrettier
5 Apr 1843 - 2 May 1844 Charles Hérard aîné, dit Riviére (s.a.)
(2nd time)(Chief of Provisional Government to 4 Jan 1844)
Apr 1844 - 1844 Louis Jean-Jacques Acaau (d. 1846)
(General, in charge of grievances; in rebellion)
3 May 1844 - 15 Apr 1845 Philippe Guerrier (s.a.)
15 Apr 1845 - 16 Apr 1845 Council of Secretaries of State
- Alexis Beaubrun Ardouin (b. 1796 - d. 1865)
- Hyppolite²
- Jean Paul (b. 1800 - d. 1872)
- ....
16 Apr 1845 - 1 Mar 1846 Jean-Louis Pierrot, baron Pierrot (b. 1765 - d. 1857)
1 Mar 1846 - 27 Feb 1847 Jean-Baptiste Riché (b. 1776 - d. 1847)
27 Feb 1847 - 1 Mar 1847 Council of Secretaries of State
- Charles Céligny Ardouin (b. 1801 - d. 1849)
- Alexis Maurice Dupuy
- ....
- ....
1 Mar 1847 - 26 Aug 1849 Faustin Éli Soulouque (b. 1782 - d. 1867)
Emperor¹
26 Aug 1849 - 15 Jan 1859 Faustin I (s.a.)
Presidents
15 Jan 1859 - 13 Mar 1867 Fabre-Nicolas Geffrard (b. 1806 - d. 1879)
(President of the Revolutionary Committee
[in rebellion from 23 Dec 1858] to 23 Jan 1859)
13 Mar 1867 - Mar 1867 Council of Secretaries of State
Mar 1867 - 20 Mar 1867 Consultative Council
20 Mar 1867 - 2 May 1867 Jean Nicholas Nissage-Saget (b. 1810 - d. 1880)
(1st time)
(President of Provisional Government)
2 May 1867 - 4 May 1867 Provisional Government
- Jean Nicholas Nissage-Saget (s.a.)
- Victor Jean-Marie Eustache (b. 1815 - d. 1869)
Chevallier, dit Victorin Chevallier
- Sylvain Salnave (b. 1826 - d. 1870)
4 May 1867 - 27 Dec 1869 Sylvain Salnave (s.a.)
(Protector of the Republic to 16 Jun 1867)
27 Dec 1869 - 13 May 1874 Jean Nicholas Nissage-Saget (s.a.)
(2nd time)
(President of Provisional Government to 20 Mar 1870)
13 May 1874 - 14 Jun 1874 Council of Secretaries of State
- Darius Denis (b. 1822 - d. 1884)
- Désilus Lamour
- Justin Alexis Victor Turenne (b. 1827 - d. ....)
Carrié
- et al.
14 Jun 1874 - 15 Apr 1876 Michel Domingue (d. 1877)
15 Apr 1876 - 23 Apr 1876 Council of Secretaries of State
23 Apr 1876 - 17 Jul 1879 Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (b. 1832 - d. 1905)
(1st time)
(President of Provisional Government to 17 Jul 1876)
17 Jul 1879 - 26 Jul 1879 Central Committee of Public Safety
26 Jul 1879 - 2 Oct 1879 Joseph Lamothe
(President of Provisional Government)
2 Oct 1879 - 10 Aug 1888 Louis Étienne Lysius Félicité (b. 1815 - d. 1888) PN
Salomon, dit Lysius Salomon jeune
(President of Provisional Government to 26 Oct 1879)
27 Mar 1883 - 27 Oct 1883 Jean-Pierre Boyer-Bazelais (b. 1836 - d. 1884)
(chief executive of the Central Revolutionary Committee)
10 Aug 1888 - 16 Oct 1888 Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (s.a.)
(2nd time)
(President of Revolutionary Committee to
23 Aug 1888, then President of Provisional Government)
16 Oct 1888 - 22 Aug 1889 François Denys Légitime (b. 1841 - d. 1935)
(Chief Executive to 18 Dec 1888)
22 Aug 1889 - 23 Aug 1889 Council of Secretaries of State
23 Aug 1889 - 17 Oct 1889 Monpoint jeune
(President of Provisional Government)
17 Oct 1889 - 24 Mar 1896 Louis Mondestin Florvil Hyppolite (b. 1827 - d. 1896)
24 Mar 1896 - 31 Mar 1896 Council of Secretaries of State
- Tirésias Antoine Auguste (b. 1835 - d. 1916)
Simon-Sam
- Jean Antoine Tancrède Auguste (b. 1856 - d. 1913)
- Solon Ménos (d. 1918)
- et al.
31 Mar 1896 - 12 May 1902 Tirésias Antoine Auguste Simon-Sam (s.a.)
12 May 1902 - 26 May 1902 Central Committee of Public Welfare
26 May 1902 - 17 Dec 1902 Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (s.a.)
(3rd time)
(President of Provisional Government)
4 Aug 1902 - 15 Oct 1902 Joseph Anténor Firmin
(President of the Executive Council; in rebellion)
17 Dec 1902 - 2 Dec 1908 Pierre Nord Alexis (b. 1820 - d. 1910)
(Head of Executive Power to 23 Dec 1902)
2 Dec 1908 - 5 Dec 1908 Public Order Commission
- Louis-Auguste Boisrond-Canal (b. 1847 - d. 1940)
- et al.
6 Dec 1908 - 3 Aug 1911 François C. Antoine "A.T." Simon (b. 1844 - d. 1923)
(Head of Executive Power to 21 Dec 1908)
24 Jul 1911 - 8 Aug 1912 Jean-Jacques Dessalines Michel (b. 1854 - d. 1912)
Cincinnatus Leconte
(Supreme Chief of the Revolution to 7 Aug 1911;
Head of Executive Power 7-14 Aug 1911)
8 Aug 1912 Council of Secretaries
- Edmond Lespinasse (1st time)
- Antoine Constantin Sansaricq (b. 1868 - d. 1941)
- Jacques Nicolas Léger (1st time) (b. 1859 - d. 1918)
- John Déjoie Laroche (b. 1861 - d. 1921)
- Tertullien Guilbaud (1st time) (b. 1856 - d. 19..)
8 Aug 1912 - 3 May 1913 Jean Antoine Tancrède Auguste (s.a.)
3 May 1913 - 12 May 1913 Council of Secretaries
- F. Baufossé Laroche (b. 1865 - d. 1921)
- Seymour Pradel (b. 1876 - d. 1943)
- Jacques Nicolas Léger (2nd time) (s.a.)
- Tertullien Guilbaud (2nd time) (s.a.)
- Edmond Lespinasse (2nd time)
- A. Guatimosin Boco
12 May 1913 - 27 Jan 1914 Michel Oreste Lafontant, dit (b. 1859 - d. 1918)
Michel-Oreste
27 Jan 1914 - 2. Jan 1914 Council of Secretaries
2. Jan 1914 - 8 Feb 1914 Edmond Sylvestre Polynice (1st time)
(chairman Committee of Public Welfare)
8 Feb 1914 - 29 Oct 1914 Emmanuel Oreste Zamor (b. 1861 - d. 1915)
29 Oct 1914 - 6 Nov 1914 Edmond Sylvestre Polynice (2nd time)
(chairman Committee of Public Welfare)
6 Nov 1914 - 22 Feb 1915 Joseph Davilmar Théodore (b. 1847 - d. 1917)
(Head of Executive Power to 10 Nov 1914)
22 Feb 1915 - 2. Feb 1915 Committee of Public Welfare
- Seymour Pradel (s.a.)
- Edmond Sylvestre Polynice
2. Feb 1915 - 25 Feb 1915 Committee of Administration
25 Feb 1915 - 28 Jul 1915 Jean Vilbrun Guillaume Sam (b. 18.. - d. 1915)
(Head of Executive Power to 9 Mar 1915)
Presidents
28 Jul 1915 - 11 Aug 1915 Revolutionary Committee
- Charles de Delva
- Edmond Sylvestre Polynice
- Diogène Dèlinois
- Charles Zamor (d. 1931)
- Gaston Dalencourt
- Ermane Robin
12 Aug 1915 - 15 May 1922 Philippe Sudre Dartiguenave (b. 1863 - d. 1926)
15 May 1922 - 15 May 1930 Eustache Antoine François Joseph (b. 1865 - d. 1942)
Louis Borno
15 May 1930 - 18 Nov 1930 Louis Eugène Roy (b. 1861 - d. 1938)
18 Nov 1930 - 15 May 1941 Sténio Joseph Vincent (b. 1874 - d. 1959)
15 May 1941 - 11 Jan 1946 Élie Lescot (b. 1883 - d. 1974)
11 Jan 1946 - 16 Aug 1946 Franck Lavaud (1st time) Mil
(chairman Military Executive Committee)
16 Aug 1946 - 10 May 1950 Dumarsais Estimé (b. 1900 - d. 1953)
10 May 1950 - 6 Dec 1950 Franck Lavaud (2nd time) Mil
(chairman Government Junta)
6 Dec 1950 - 12 Dec 1956 Paul Eugène Magloire (b. 1907 - d. 2001)
(Head of Executive Power from 6 Dec 1956)
12 Dec 1956 - 4 Feb 1957 Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis (b. 1900)
(provisional)
7 Feb 1957 - 1 Apr 1957 Franck Sylvain (provisional) (b. 1909 - d. ....)
1 Apr 1957 - 6 Apr 1957 Léon Cantave (1st time) (b. 1910 - d. 1967) Mil
(Army Chief of General Staff)
6 Apr 1957 - 20 May 1957 Executive Government Council
- Léonce M. Bernard (b. 1895 - d. 1984)
- Georges Bretous (b. 1903)
- Stuart Cambronne (b. 1903)
- Antoine Pierre-Paul (b. 1881 - d. 19..)
(to 24 Apr 1957)
- Ti Vilfort Beauvoir (b. 1892 - d. ....)
(to 24 Apr 1957)
- Weber Michaud (b. 1902)
- Seymour Lamothe (b. 1911)
- Raoul Fabre Daguilh (b. 1887 - d. ....)
- Théodore A. Nicoleau
(to 24 Apr 1957)
- Ernest B. Danache (b. 1917)
- Emmanuel Bruny (b. 1915)
- Max Bolté (b. 1920)
- Grégoire Eugène (b. 1924)
20 May 1957 - 25 May 1957 Léon Cantave (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil
(Army Chief of General Staff)
25 May 1957 - 14 Jun 1957 Pierre Eustache Daniel Fignolé (b. 1914 - d. 1986) MOP
(provisional
14 Jun 1957 - 22 Oct 1957 Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau (b. 1909 - d. 1963) Mil
(chairman Military Council)
22 Oct 1957 - 21 Apr 1971 François Duvalier "Papa Doc" (b. 1907 - d. 1971)
(chief of the revolution 15 - 22 May 1963)
21 Apr 1971 - 6 Feb 1986 Jean-Claude Duvalier "Baby Doc" (b. 1951)
6 Feb 1986 - 7 Feb 1988 Henri Namphy (1st time) (b. 1932) Mil
(chairman National Council)
7 Feb 1988 - 20 Jun 1988 Leslie-François Manigat (b. 1930) RDNP
20 Jun 1988 - 17 Sep 1988 Henri Namphy (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil
17 Sep 1988 - 10 Mar 1990 Prosper Avril (b. 1937) Mil
10 Mar 1990 - 13 Mar 1990 Hérard Abraham (interim) (b. 1940) Mil
13 Mar 1990 - 7 Jan 1991 Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (f) (b. 1943) Non-party
(1st time)(provisional)
7 Jan 1991 (hours) Roger Lafontant (provisional) (b. 19.. - d. 1991)
7 Jan 1991 - 7 Feb 1991 Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (f) (s.a.) Non-party
(2nd time)(provisional)
7 Feb 1991 - 30 Sep 1991 Jean-Bertrand Aristide³ (1st time) (b. 1953) FNCD
1 Oct 1991 - 8 Oct 1991 Raoul Cédras (b. 1949) Mil
(leader of military junta)
8 Oct 1991 - 19 Jun 1992 Joseph C. Nérette (provisional) (b. 1924) Non-party
19 Jun 1992 - 15 Jun 1993 Marc Bazin (acting) (b. 1932) ANDP
15 Jun 1993 - 12 May 1994 Jean-Bertrand Aristide (2nd time) (s.a.) FNCD
(in exile, but recognized in Haiti)
12 May 1994 - 12 Oct 1994 Émile Jonassaint (provisional) (b. 1913 - d. 1995) Non-party
12 Oct 1994 - 7 Feb 1996 Jean-Bertrand Aristide (3rd time) (s.a.) FNCD/OPL
7 Feb 1996 - 7 Feb 2001 René Garcia Préval (b. 1943) OPL
7 Feb 2001 - 29 Feb 2004 Jean-Bertrand Aristide (4th time) (s.a.) FL
29 Feb 2004 - Boniface Alexandre (provisional) (b. 1936) Non-party
Prime ministers
9 Feb 1988 - 20 Jun 1988 Martial Célestin
20 Jun 1988 - 13 Feb 1991 Post Abolished
13 Feb 1991 - 11 Oct 1991 René Garcia Préval (s.a.)
11 Oct 1991 - 19 Jun 1992 Jean-Jacques Honorat (interim) (b. 1931) Non-party
19 Jun 1992 - 30 Aug 1993 Marc Bazin (s.a.) ANDP
30 Aug 1993 - 8 Nov 1994 Robert Malval (b. 1943) Non-party
8 Nov 1994 - 7 Nov 1995 Smarck Michel (b. 1937) FL
7 Nov 1995 - 27 Feb 1996 Claudette Werleigh (f) (b. 1946) FL
27 Feb 1996 - 20 Oct 1997 Rony Smarth (b. 1940) OPL
21 Oct 1997 - 26 Mar 1999 Vacant4
26 Mar 1999 - 2 Mar 2001 Jacques-Édouard Alexis (b. 1947) OPL
2 Mar 2001 - 15 Mar 2002 Jean-Marie Chérestal (b. 1947) FL
15 Mar 2002 - 12 Mar 2004 Yvon Neptune (b. 1946) FL
12 Mar 2004 - Gérard Latortue (b. 1934) Non-party
U.S. Military Commanders
28 Jul 1915 - Apr 1916 William Banks Caperton (b. 1855 - d. 1941)
Apr 1916 - Jan 1917 Littleton Waller Tazewell Waller (b. 1856 - d. 1926)
Jan 1917 - Nov 1918 John Henry Russell, Jr. (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1947)
Nov 1918 - Sep 1919 Albertus Wrigth Catlin (b. 1868 - d. 1933)
Sep 1919 - 11 Feb 1922 John Henry Russell, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.)
High Commissioner
11 Feb 1922 - 16 Nov 1930 John Henry Russell, Jr. (b. 1872 - d. 1947)
Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary
16 Nov 1930 - 14 Sep 1932 Dana Gardner Munro (b. 1892 - d. 19..)
7 Nov 1932 - 4 Mar 1933 Norman Armour (1st time) (b. 1887 - d. 1982)
11 Apr 1933 - 15 Aug 1934 Norman Armour (2nd time) (s.a.)
U.S. Military Commanders
16 Sep 1994 - 25 Oct 1994 Henry H. Shelton (b. 1942)
25 Oct 1994 - Jan 1995 David C. Meade (b. 1941?)
Jan 1995 - Mar 1995 George A. Fisher, Jr.
United Nations Commanders
Mar 1995 - 1 Mar 1996 Joseph W. Kinzer (U.S.) (b. 1939)
1 Mar 1996 - 31 Jul 1997 Pierre Daigle (Canada)
31 Jul 1997 - 30 Nov 1997 Robin Gagnon (Canada)
¹The style of the ruler was:
(a) 22 Sep 1804 - 17 Oct 1806: par la grace de Dieu et la loi constitutionnelle de l'état, empereur de Haïti (By the Grace of God and the constitutional law of the state, Emperor of Haiti);
(b) 28 Mar 1811 - 8 Oct 1820: par la grace de Dieu et la loi constitutionnelle de l'état, roi du Haïti, souverains de Tortuga, Gonâve et d'autres îles adjacentes, destroyer de tyrannie, régénérateur et bienfaiteur de la nation de Haitian, créateur de ses établissements moraux, politiques et de Martial, le premier a couronné le monarque du nouveau monde, le défenseur de
la foi, fondateur de la commande royale et militaire de Saint-Henry (By the grace of God and the constitutional law of the state, King of Haiti, Sovereign of Tortuga, Gonâve and other adjacent Islands, Destroyer of Tyranny, Regenerator and Benefactor of the Haitian Nation, Creator of her Moral, Political and Martial Institutions, First Crowned Monarch of the New World, Defender of the Faith, founder of the Royal and Military Order of Saint-Henry);
(c) 26 Aug 1849 - 15 Jan 1859: par la grace de Dieu et de la loi constitutionnelle de l'empire, empereur de Haïti (By the Grace of God and the constitutional law of the Empire, Emperor of Haiti).
²Possibly Jacques Sylvain Gelin Hyppolite (b. 1784 - d. 1857).
³30 Sep 1991 - 12 Oct 1994, Jean-Bertrand Aristide was recognized as legal President of Haiti in exile by the international community during the military rule.
4During 1 Oct 1997 - 26 Mar 1999, Parliament refused to accept two of President René Garcia Préval's nominees for the post prime minister, Eriq Pierre and Hervé Denis (b. 1928 - d. 2002), the office therefore remained legally vacant.
Territorial Dispute: claims U.S.-administered face=Courier New color=#0000ffNavassa Island.
Party abbreviations: CD = Convergence Democratique (Democratic Convergence, 15-party opposition alliance); FL = Fanmi Lavalas (Water Fall Family, Aristide personalist, left-wing);
OPL = Organisation de Peuple en Lutte (Organization of Struggling People, to 1996 Lavalas Political Organization); PNP = Parti National Progressiste (Duvalier personalist, authoritarian); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: ANDP = Alliance Nationale pour la Démocratie et le Progrès (National Alliance for Democracy and Progress); FNCD = Front National pour le Changement et la Démocratie (National Front for Change and Democracy); MOP = Mouvement Ouvrier Paysan (Worker Peasant Movement); PN = Parti National (National Party, populist, black dominated); PL = Parti Liberal (Liberal Party, conservative, Mulatto dominated); RDNP = Coalition of Progressive National Democrats
Department of the South
 3 Nov 1810 Secession.
Mar 1812 Reincorporation into Haiti.
General-in-Chief
3 Nov 1810 - 9 Jan 1811 Bertrand Joseph André Rigaud (b. 1761 - d. 1811)
Presidents of the Council
9 Jan 1811 - 18 Sep 1811 Bertrand Joseph André Rigaud (s.a.)
18 Sep 1811 - Mar 1812 Jérôme-Maximilien Borgella (b. 1773 - d. 1842)
Republic of the North
Provisional President
25 Apr 1868 - Dec 1869 Jean Nicholas Nissage-Saget (b. 1810 - d. 1880)
Southern State of Haiti
President
8 May 1868 - Dec 1869 Michel Domingue (d. 1877)
Northern Republic
President of the Provisional Government
27 Nov 1888 - 1889 Louis Mondastin Florvil Hyppolite (b. 1827 - d. 1896)
US, France, and Canada staged a coup against Jean Bertrand Aristide by forcefully remove him from power, and exile him to Central African Rep. He later went to Jamaica with a tempory asylum.He said they kidnapped him but The US and France denied that claim.A council was handpicked to choose a sucessor.The Council Of Sages chose Boniface Alexandre and Gerard Latortue to head a provisional goverment.
|
Topic: Our History for the Past 500 years
